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Mandë Holford

Mandë Holford

Professor
Lab Website
Holford Lab
Publications
PubMed Articles

Dr. Mandë Holford is a Professor in Chemistry at Hunter College and CUNY-Graduate Center, with scientific appointments at The American Museum of Natural History and Weill Cornell Medicine.

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Profile

Mandë Holford’s Laboratory of Chemical and Biological Diversity demonstrates the scientific path from mollusks to medicine - examining how venoms evolved, developed, and function over time, and how we can use this knowledge as a roadmap for discovering and characterizing peptide natural products with therapeutic potential. She is particularly interested in using venoms and venom peptides to study complex traits and novelty of rapidly evolving genes, and to develop invertebrate venom gland model systems that can be genetically manipulated to advance discoveries in novel gene regulation, expression, and function. Her work combines scientific research, education and diplomacy to understand the extraordinary marine biodiversity on our planet and transform this knowledge for the benefit of human and planetary health. Her honors include the inaugural endowed Anne Welsh McNulty Chair in Science Innovation and Leadership, an NIH Pioneer Award, an Allen Institute Distinguished Investigator Award, an NSF CAREER award, a WINGS Women of Discovery Fellowship, a Camille Dreyfus Teacher-Scholar Award, a AAAS Science and Technology Policy Fellowship, being selected as a World Economic Forum Champion Young Scientist and Sustainability Pioneer, a fellow of the California Academy of Sciences, and a member of the NASEM Roundtable on Science Diplomacy and the Council of Foreign Relations. She is cofounder of Killer Snails, LLC, an award winning EdTech company that uses tabletop, digital, and XR games as a conduit to advance scientific learning in K-12 classrooms. She is also cofounder of 2030STEM an initiative to accelerate inclusion in STEM by promoting leadership, access to capital, and systemic institutional change. She is an alum of The City University of New York and her PhD is from The Rockefeller University. 

Educational Background

  • City University of New York (BS, 1997)
  • Rockefeller University (PhD, 2003)
  • University of Utah (Part of Postdoc, 2005-2008)
  • Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine, Germany (Part of Postdoc, 2006-2007)
  • Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, France (Part of Postdoc, 2005-2008)

Courses

  • CHEM 29101 Introduction to Research
  • CHEM 37700/64100 Biochemistry II
  • CHEM 38862 Science and Diplomacy

Research

Research in the Holford Laboratory uses a “mollusks-to-medicine” strategy to discover novel peptides from venomous marine snails that could be used to manipulate cellular physiology pertaining to pain and cancer. Research projects apply inventive tools from chemistry and biology to: (1) investigate the evolution of venom in predatory marine snails, (2) discover disulfide-rich peptides from a venom source, (3) develop high-throughput methods for characterizing structure-function peptide interactions, and (4) deliver novel peptides to their site of action for therapeutic application.

  1. Taxonomy, Phylogeny, and Systematics of Venomous Marine Snails

The Tererbridae auger snails are a family of globally distributed predatory marine snails that use venom to subdue their prey. The terebrid species are highly representative of a broad range of feeding strategies, more so than any other venomous marine taxa. We describe the taxonomy, phylogeny and venom diversity of terebrid snails. We produced the first molecular phylogeny of the Terebridae and used it to identify terebrid lineages that used a venom apparatus similar to cone snails to produce bioactive venom peptides (teretoxins).

  1. Venomics - Venom Peptide Discovery, Diversification and Evolution

Venom peptides from predatory organisms are a resource for investigating evolutionary processes such as adaptive radiation or diversification and exemplify promising targets for biomedical drug development. Characterization of cone snail venom peptides, conotoxins, has revealed a venom arsenal of bioactive peptides used to investigate physiological cellular function, predator-prey interactions and to develop novel therapeutics. However, venom diversity of other conoidean snails remains poorly understood. We apply a systems biology approach to venomics to discover new bioactive venom peptides and to study venom diversification in terebrids within an evolutionary phylogenetic context.

  1. High Throughput Venom Peptide Characterization

Venom peptides are levers that manipulate cell signaling. We are interested in finding new therapies for pain and cancer by creating high throughput methods for screening novel venom peptides. Each venomous marine snail of the family Conoidea can produce hundreds of novel peptides in their venom arsenal. From the breakthrough success of the first commercial venom snail drug ziconotide (Prialt ®) used to treat chronic pain in HIV and cancer patients, we know that these peptides can potentially be used to develop novel therapies for treating human disorders.

  1. Venom Peptide Optimization and Drug Delivery

Peptides are promising therapeutic agents, however these natural compounds often need to be optimized to be used successfully as drug compounds. For example, ziconotide (Prialt ®) has a major drawback in that as a peptide drug, its size and complexity prevents its widespread application and a spinal tap is required to deliver it to patients. To address this issue, we are combining chemical and recombinant biology techniques to devise a method for encapsulating venom peptides from marine snails in viral capsids for delivery to their site of action. We are also developing new computational methods for optimizing the function of venom peptides to make them more selective for their molecular targets.

  1. Immune-related Micropeptide Discovery and Characterization

Similar to venom evolution, the dynamic arms-race interactions between host and pathogen contribute over time to the evolutionary selection of new immune-related genes. We are interested in exploring this evolution of new micropeptides as a response to these selective pressures. How has the evolution of these micropeptides differed across different species? Are there shared biochemical or functional characteristics of these newly evolved micropeptides? Using a combination of evolutionary, biochemical and molecular techniques, we aim to deepen our understanding of the origin and function of existing and novel immune-related micropeptides across a diversity of taxa.

  1. Building a Better STEM World

I strongly believe that representation matters. “See it be it” is a short-term catch phrase for STEM inclusion and advancing leadership opportunities for underrepresented groups. In our initial foray in this area we wanted to generate a landscape view of the barriers and opportunities. Our first project is a systematic review of the science education literature with the aim of evaluating how and to what extent informal learning experiences impact participants awareness, interest,  and engagement in STEM careers across demographic groups.

Selected Publications

  • Naidu P, Holford M. Microscopic marvels: Decoding the role of micropeptides in innate immunity. 26 August 2024. PMID: 39188052  
  • Fedosov AE, Zaharias P, Lemarcis T, Modica MV, Holford M, Oliverio M, Kantor YI, Puillandre N. Phylogenomics of Neogastropoda: the backbone hidden in the bush . 08 March 2024. doi: 10.1093/sysbio/syae010
  • Achimba F, Faezov B, Cohen B, Dunbrack R, Holford M. Targeting Dysregulated Ion Channels in Liver Tumors with Venom Peptides. Mol Cancer Ther. 28 Nov 2023. doi: 10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-23-0256. PMID: 38015557.
  • Cerullo AR, McDermott MB, Pepsi LE, Liu ZL, Barry D, Zhang S, Yang X, Chen X, Azadi P, Holford M., Braunschweig AB Comparative Mucomic Analysis of Three Functionally Distinct Cornu aspersum Secretions 02 September 2023. PMID: 37660066.
  • Romano JD., Li H., Napolitano T., Realubit R., Karan C., Holford M., P. Tatonetti N., Discovering venom-derived drug candidates using differential gene expression 01 June 2023. PMID: 37505720. 
  • Verdes A, Álvarez-Campos P, Nygren A, San Martin G, Deheyen DD, Gruber DF, Holford M. Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Bioluminescence in Odontosyllis (Annelida, Syllidae), Invertebrate Systematics, published by CSIRO, 27 July 2022.
  • Achrak E, Ferd J, Schulman J, Dang T, Krampis K, Holford M. VenomFlow: An Automated Bioinformatic Pipeline for Identification of Disulfide-Rich Peptides from Venom Arsenals. Methods Mol Biol. 2022;2498:89-97. doi: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2313-8_6. PMID: 35727542.
  • McDermott MB, Cerullo AR, Parziale JV, Achrak E. Sultana S,  Ferd J, Samad S, Deng, W Braunschweig A, Holford M. Advancing Discovery of Snail Mucins Function and Application. Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, 11 October 2021. PMID: 34708024. 
  • Grillo CA, Holford M, Walter NG. From Flatland to Jupiter: Searching for Rules of Interaction Across Biological Scales. Integrative and Comparative Biology, 13 July 2021. PMID: 34254127.
  • Gorson J, Fassio G, Lau ES, Holford M. Diet Diversity in Carnivorous Terebrid Snails Is Tied to the Presence and Absence of a Venom Gland. Toxins, 2 February 2021. PMID: 33540609.
  • Kelly P, Napolitano T, Anand P, Ho JSK, Jabeen S, Kuppan J, Manir S, Holford M. Induced Disassembly of a Virus-Like Particle under Physiological Conditions for Venom Peptide Delivery. ACS Bioconjugate Chemistry, 11 December 2020. PMID: 33306347.
  • Cerullo A, Lai TY, Allam B, Baer A, Barnes J, Barrientos A, Deheyn DD, Fudge D, Gould J, Harrington MJ, Holford M, Hung C, Jain G, Mayer G, Medina-Munoz M, Monge J, Napolitano T, Espinosa EP, Schmidt S, Thompson E, Braunschweig AB. Comparative animal mucomics: Inspiration for functional materials from ubiquitous and understudied biopolymers. ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering, 24 August 2020. PMID: 33320564.
  • Modica MV, Sunagar K, Holford M, Dutertre S. Diversity and Evolution of Animal Venoms: Neglected Targets, Ecological Interactions, Future Perspectives. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, 24 March 2020.
  • Fedosov AE, Malcolm G, Terryn Y, Gorson J, Modica MV, Holford M, Puillandre M. Phylogenetic classification of the family Terebridae (Neogastropoda: Conoidea). Journal of Molluscan Studies, 9 January 2020. PMID: 19698157.   
  • Kelly P, Napolitano T, Anand P, Ho J, Jabeen S, Kuppan J, Manir S, Holford M. Induced Disassembly of a Virus-Like Particle under Physiological Conditions for Venom Peptide Delivery. ACS Bioconjugate Chem. In Press (2020).
  • Cerullo A, Lai TY, Allam B, Baer A, Barnes J, Barrientos A, Deheyn DD, Fudge D, Gould J, Harrington MJ, Holford M, Hung C, Jain G, Mayer G, Medina-Munoz M, Monge J, Napolitano T, Espinosa EP, Schmidt S, Thompson E, Braunschweig AB. Comparative animal mucomics: Inspiration for functional materials from ubiquitous and understudied biopolymers. ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng. 6(10):5377–5398 (2020). doi:10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c00713
  • Anand P, Filipenko P, Huaman J, Lyudmer M, Hossain M, Santamaria C, Huang K, Ogunwobi OO, Holford M. Selective Inhibition of Liver Cancer Cells Using Venom Peptide. Drugs. 17(10):587 (2019). doi:10.3390/md17100587
  • Napolitano T, Holford M. Breakthroughs in Venom Peptide Screening Methods to Advance Future Drug Discovery. Protein & Peptide Letters. 25:1137 (2018). doi:10.2174/0929866525666181101103047
  • Eriksson A, Anand P, Gorson J, Grijuc C, Hadelia E, Stewart JC, Holford M, Claridge-Chang A. Using Drosophila behavioral assays to characterize terebrid venom-peptide bioactivity.Sci Rep. 8:15276 (2018). doi:10.1038/s41598-018-33215-2
  • Verdes A, Anand P, Gorson J, Jannetti S, Kelly P, Leffler A, Simpson D, Ramrattan G, Holford M. From Mollusks to Medicine: A Venomics Approach for the Discovery and Characterization of Therapeutics from Terebridae Peptide Toxins. Toxins. 8(4):117 (2016). doi:10.3390/toxins8040117
  • Gorson J, Holford M. Small Packages, Big Returns: Uncovering the Venom Diversity of Small Invertebrate Conoidean Snails. Integr Comp Biol. 56(5):962-972 (2016). doi:10.1093/icb/icw063
  • Gorson J, Ramrattan G, Verdes A, Wright ME, Kantor Y, Srinivasan R, Musunuri R, Packer D, Albano G, Qiu WG, Holford M. Molecular Diversity and Gene Evolution of the Venom Arsenal of Terebridae Predatory Marine Snails. Genome Biol Evol. 7(6):1761-78 (2015). doi:10.1093/gbe/evv104
  • Puillandre N, Holford M. The Terebridae and teretoxins: Combining phylogeny and anatomy for concerted discovery of bioactive compounds. BMC Chem Biol. 10:7 (2010). doi:10.1186/1472-6769-10-7
View Full List of Publications on PubMed

Contact Details

Mandë Holford

Chemistry
413 East 69th Street Belfer 424
(212) 896-0449
mholford@hunter.cuny.edu

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